# Perun Energy — full public content

Facts as of 4 November 2026. Machine-readable source: https://perun.energy/facts.json

Perun Energy is a portfolio of two utility-scale solar PV projects in the Municipality of Nikšić, Montenegro — Jabuka MMK and Počekovići MMK — with 574.8 MWp DC / 510.3 MWac and urban-technical conditions (UTU) issued by the Government of Montenegro in 2025.

The perun.energy website is under construction (since 5 November 2026): its pages are offline for now. The public facts about the projects are in https://perun.energy/llms.txt, https://perun.energy/llms-full.txt and https://perun.energy/facts.json. For documents and questions, write to investors@perun.energy.

## Summary

Perun Energy is developing two utility-scale solar PV projects in the western Nikšić highlands, Montenegro: Jabuka MMK and Počekovići MMK, 574.8 MWp DC / 510.3 MWac in total, with urban-technical conditions issued by the Government of Montenegro in 2025. Investors are welcome to join the portfolio or a single project; contact investors@perun.energy.

## Projects

### Jabuka MMK (Solarna elektrana Jabuka)

Jabuka MMK (Solarna elektrana Jabuka; also written Jabuke MMK, SE Jabuka MMK) is a ground-mounted solar photovoltaic project of 325.4 MWp DC and 293.3 MWac AC capacity in the Jabuka cadastral municipality, Municipality of Nikšić, Montenegro, at about 926 m above sea level. Karst plateau with low scrub, crossed by a regional road. The Government of Montenegro issued its urban-technical conditions (UTU) on 15 May 2025, with 13 opinions of competent authorities attached. The site of about 310 ha is private land under a 30-year lease that runs from the building permit. The preliminary PVsyst simulation (November 2024) gives about ~413.8 GWh/yr a year (P50, 10th operating year) and a specific yield of 1,272 kWh/kWp. The independent PVGIS 5.3 estimate for the site centre, 1,354 kWh/kWp (36° tilt, south, 14% system loss, no ageing), backs the model. The site is about 7 km in a straight line from the planned Vilusi 220/110 kV substation proposed in the draft transmission plan of CGES.

| Parameter | Value | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Installed capacity (DC) | 325.4 MWp | confirmed | Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Jabuka MMK |
| AC capacity | 293.3 MWac | confirmed | Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Jabuka MMK |
| Annual generation | ~413.8 GWh/yr | modelled | PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Jabuka MMK |
| Specific yield | 1,272 kWh/kWp | modelled | PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Jabuka MMK |
| Site area | ~310 ha | confirmed | Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Jabuka MMK |
| Elevation | ~926 m | modelled | PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Jabuka MMK |
| Distance to the planned Vilusi substation | ~7 km | planned | CGES — Draft updated Transmission Network Development Plan 2027–2036 |

### Počekovići MMK (Solarna elektrana Počekovići)

Počekovići MMK (Solarna elektrana Počekovići; also written Pocekovici MMK, SE Počekovići MMK) is a ground-mounted solar photovoltaic project of 249.5 MWp DC and 217.0 MWac AC capacity in the Počekovići and Podvrš cadastral municipalities, Municipality of Nikšić, Montenegro, at about 708 m above sea level. Open karst plateau with grassland and scattered scrub. The Government of Montenegro issued its urban-technical conditions (UTU) on 4 September 2025, with 13 opinions of competent authorities attached. The site of about 220 ha is private land under a 30-year lease that runs from the building permit. The preliminary PVsyst simulation (November 2024) gives about ~316.3 GWh/yr a year (P50, 10th operating year) and a specific yield of 1,268 kWh/kWp. The independent PVGIS 5.3 estimate for the site centre, 1,372 kWh/kWp (36° tilt, south, 14% system loss, no ageing), backs the model. The site is about 12 km in a straight line from the planned Vilusi 220/110 kV substation proposed in the draft transmission plan of CGES.

| Parameter | Value | Status | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Installed capacity (DC) | 249.5 MWp | confirmed | Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Počekovići MMK |
| AC capacity | 217.0 MWac | confirmed | Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Počekovići MMK |
| Annual generation | ~316.3 GWh/yr | modelled | PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Počekovići MMK |
| Specific yield | 1,268 kWh/kWp | modelled | PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Počekovići MMK |
| Site area | ~220 ha | confirmed | Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Počekovići MMK |
| Elevation | ~708 m | modelled | PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Počekovići MMK |
| Distance to the planned Vilusi substation | ~12 km | planned | CGES — Draft updated Transmission Network Development Plan 2027–2036 |

## Where the projects stand

- Land leased — 2024 (done): Long-term private leases, 30 years from the building permit
- Preliminary design — Nov 2024 (done): Layout concept and PVsyst yield simulation
- UTU issued — May & Sep 2025 (done): Government of Montenegro, with 13 authority opinions per project
- Drone survey — Aug 2025 (done): Aerial video and panoramas of both sites
- Grid connection & environmental assessment — Next (next): Formal application to CGES, the transmission system operator, and a full EIA for both sites, with a biodiversity baseline at Počekovići
- Design & building permit — Planned (planned): Forest-land conversion, main design, technical review, permit
- Ready to build — Planned (planned): Permitted, grid-contracted project

## How investors join

We are developing Jabuka MMK and Počekovići MMK to produce energy. Investors are welcome to join, in the portfolio or in a single project; the structure is discussed under NDA. This is not an offer of securities.

Process:

1. Introduction — This website, the teaser and a call
2. NDA — Signed with HAT Solutions d.o.o.
3. Data room — Documents and written Q&A
4. Management call — Permitting, grid, land, technical
5. Site visit — Both sites, Nikšić
6. Term sheet — Portfolio or single project
7. Due diligence — Legal, technical and commercial review
8. Agreement — Signing and closing

NDA, signed with HAT Solutions d.o.o., Zagreb:

1. Request the NDA — From investors@perun.energy, as PDF or Word.
2. Sign and send — To investors@perun.energy.
3. We countersign — And send you a copy.
4. You receive access — Personal access to the investor area.

What the NDA opens: the development file (every permit step with dates and the authority responsible), the PVsyst reports, both UTU conclusions with the authority opinions, the grid connection concept and the CGES procedure, the land and parcel maps, the environmental assessment plan, and risk management.

Data-room folders: 00 Overview, 01 Corporate, 02 Land, 03 Planning, 04 Technical, 05 Grid, 06 Environment, 07 Media, 08 Timeline, 09 Commercial.

## Public documents

The investor teaser, the fact sheets of both projects and the NDA (PDF or Word) are sent on request: investors@perun.energy.

## News

- 2024 — Land leased for 30 years: Private land at both sites under long-term leases, running 30 years from the building permit.
- November 2024 — Preliminary PVsyst simulation: The preliminary PVsyst simulation (November 2024) models about 730 GWh a year for both projects.
- 15 May 2025 — UTU issued for Jabuka MMK: The Government of Montenegro issues the urban-technical conditions for 325.4 MWp DC / 293.3 MWac.
- August 2025 — Drone survey of both sites: Aerial video, panoramas and stills of Jabuka and Počekovići, 27–30 August 2025.
- 4 September 2025 — UTU issued for Počekovići MMK: The Government of Montenegro issues the urban-technical conditions for 249.5 MWp DC / 217.0 MWac.
- 3 November 2026 — perun.energy goes live: One public home for both projects, with facts, maps and machine-readable data.
- 4 November 2026 — Investor data room opens: Investors under NDA download the planning conclusions, energy models, site files and drone imagery.

### Independent coverage

- Montenegro Business News, 13 May 2025: “MMK Solar plans new 325 MW solar power plant in Nikšić” — https://montenegrobusiness.eu/mmk-solar-company-plans-new-325-mw-solar-power-plant-in-niksic-municipality/
- Montenegro Business News, 1 August 2025: “Nikšić to host new 250 MWp solar power plant” — https://montenegrobusiness.eu/niksic-to-host-new-250-mwp-solar-power-plant-by-mmksolar/
- SeeNews: “Montenegro's MMKSOLAR plans to build 250 MWp solar park” — https://seenews.com/news/montenegros-mmksolar-plans-to-build-250-mwp-solar-park-1279497

## Grid context

The projects lie in western Nikšić near the Vilusi grid node, where existing 220 kV and 400 kV lines run. CGES's draft Transmission Development Plan 2027–2036 proposes new 220/110 kV (Vilusi, 2028) and 400/110 kV (Trubjela, 2029) substations in the area. The 400 kV Lastva–Čevo–Pljevlja line, part of the Trans-Balkan Corridor, entered trial operation in July 2026.

The formal connection application to CGES, the transmission system operator, is the next step. After its analysis, CGES proposes a connection contract within 90 days.

## Montenegro market context

- ~3,400 GWh — Planned gross electricity consumption in 2026 (source: Energy Balance of Montenegro for 2026 — Official Gazette, https://www.sluzbenilist.me/propisi/386965/download)
- ≥50%  — Renewables target by 2030 (NECP, Dec 2025) (source: Balkan Green Energy News — Montenegro adopts National Energy and Climate Plan, https://balkangreenenergynews.com/montenegro-adopts-national-energy-and-climate-plan/)
- 600 MW — HVDC submarine cable to Italy, in operation since 2019 (source: Balkan Green Energy News — Italy–Montenegro submarine power cable commissioned, https://balkangreenenergynews.com/rs/pusten-u-rad-podmorski-elektroenergetski-kabl-izmedu-italije-i-crne-gore)
- 1.2 GW — Planned total Italy link capacity after a second cable (target 2031) (source: Balkan Green Energy News — Montenegro, Italy sign memorandum on electricity market coupling, https://balkangreenenergynews.com/montenegro-italy-sign-memorandum-on-electricity-market-coupling/)
- 225 MW — Pljevlja, the sole coal plant — NECP draft plans shutdown in 2041 (source: Balkan Green Energy News — NECP draft: sole coal plant planned for shutdown in 2041, https://balkangreenenergynews.com/montenegro-publishes-necp-for-public-consultation-sole-coal-plant-planned-for-shutdown-in-2041/)
- ~100 MW — Installed solar today, mostly rooftop; no utility-scale plant yet (source: Balkan Green Energy News — Qair obtains building permit for solar project in Montenegro, https://balkangreenenergynews.com/qair-obtains-building-permit-for-solar-project-in-montenegro/)
- 12 yrs — Maximum term of two-way CfD market premiums under the 2024 renewables law (source: Law on the Use of Energy from Renewable Sources (2024), https://regagen.co.me/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/20250131_Zakon-o-koriscenju-energije-iz-obnovljivih-izvora.pdf)

With 293 MWac and 217 MWac, Jabuka MMK and Počekovići MMK are among the largest solar projects in Nikšić with Government-approved urban-technical conditions. The municipality's first large solar plants received building permits in 2026, and a study by The Nature Conservancy mapped about 4.1 GW of low-conflict solar potential there.

### Timeline

- 2019 — 600 MW HVDC cable to Italy: The submarine link between Lastva and Villanova enters operation. (https://balkangreenenergynews.com/rs/pusten-u-rad-podmorski-elektroenergetski-kabl-izmedu-italije-i-crne-gore)
- Apr 2023 — BELEN day-ahead market: Montenegro's power exchange starts day-ahead trading. (https://balkangreenenergynews.com/montenegro-launches-day-ahead-electricity-market-at-mepx)
- Aug 2024 — Renewables law: Two-way CfD market premiums for up to 12 years; permitting capped at 2 years (+1). (https://regagen.co.me/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/20250131_Zakon-o-koriscenju-energije-iz-obnovljivih-izvora.pdf)
- Oct 2025 — Market coupling with Italy: Memorandum signed; entry into the EU single day-ahead coupling is in progress. (https://balkangreenenergynews.com/montenegro-italy-sign-memorandum-on-electricity-market-coupling/)
- Dec 2025 — National Energy and Climate Plan: At least 50% renewables and 55% lower emissions by 2030. (https://balkangreenenergynews.com/montenegro-adopts-national-energy-and-climate-plan/)
- Apr 2026 — Draft transmission plan: CGES publishes its draft Transmission Network Development Plan 2027–2036. (https://cges.me/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Nacrt-Azuriranog-plana-razvoja-prenosne-mreze-2027-2036.pdf)
- Jul 2026 — 400 kV Lastva–Čevo–Pljevlja: The Trans-Balkan Corridor line enters trial operation. (https://cges.me/en/?p=10121)
- Nov 2026 (planned) — EU energy chapter: Chapter 15 of the EU accession talks is expected to close provisionally. (https://balkangreenenergynews.com/sahmanovic-montenegro-set-to-close-energy-chapter-of-eu-accession-talks/)
- 2028 (planned) — Vilusi 220/110 kV: New substation in western Nikšić proposed in the draft plan. (https://cges.me/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Nacrt-Azuriranog-plana-razvoja-prenosne-mreze-2027-2036.pdf)
- 2029 (planned) — Trubjela 400/110 kV: Second new substation in the area proposed in the draft plan. (https://cges.me/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Nacrt-Azuriranog-plana-razvoja-prenosne-mreze-2027-2036.pdf)
- 2031 (planned) — Second cable to Italy: Target year for the second submarine cable. (https://balkangreenenergynews.com/rs/sahmanovic-druga-linija-podmorskog-kabla-sa-italijom-bice-instalirana-do-2031/)

### Solar resource

Independent PVGIS 5.3 data (PVGIS-SARAH3, 2005–2023, 36° tilt, south, 14% system loss) give 1,354 kWh/kWp at Jabuka and 1,372 kWh/kWp at Počekovići, which back the preliminary PVsyst model (whose figures are for the 10th operating year). Global Solar Atlas gives an indicative ~1,480 kWh/kWp for the plateau.

## Glossary

- **UTU (urbanističko-tehnički uslovi)**: Urban-technical conditions: the planning conditions for designing and building a project of general interest on a given site, issued by the Government of Montenegro with opinions of the competent authorities attached.
- **MWp and MWac**: MWp is the peak DC power of the solar modules; MWac is the inverter output delivered to the grid. Generation and impact figures use AC output.
- **Specific yield**: Annual energy per kWp of installed DC capacity (kWh/kWp); a measure of how productive a site is.
- **PVsyst**: Industry-standard simulation software for solar plants. Our figures come from the preliminary PVsyst simulation (November 2024), P50, 10th operating year.
- **PVGIS**: The European Commission's free solar-resource tool (JRC). Used here as an independent check of the model.
- **P50**: The annual energy expected to be exceeded in half of all years.
- **Modelled**: A value calculated by simulation under stated assumptions: an estimate, not a measurement or a guarantee.
- **CGES**: Crnogorski elektroprenosni sistem, Montenegro's transmission system operator. CEDIS is the distribution system operator.
- **Vilusi grid node**: The area in western Nikšić where existing 220 kV and 400 kV lines run and where the draft CGES plan proposes a new 220/110 kV substation (2028).
- **BELEN**: Montenegro's power exchange, with day-ahead trading since April 2023.
- **HVDC**: High-voltage direct current. A 600 MW HVDC submarine cable links Montenegro (Lastva) and Italy (Villanova) since 2019.
- **NECP**: National Energy and Climate Plan, adopted in December 2025: at least 50% renewables by 2030.
- **CfD**: Contract for difference. The 2024 renewables law allows two-way CfD market premiums for up to 12 years.
- **EIA and ESIA**: The EIA is the environmental impact assessment required by Montenegrin law; an ESIA also covers social topics, as the IFC and EBRD standards expect.
- **RTB**: Ready to build: a project with all permits and a grid connection agreement, ready for construction financing.
- **Agri-PV**: Solar plants where farming, such as sheep grazing, continues between and under the panels.

## Questions and answers

### Investors

**What stage are the projects at?**

Both projects hold urban-technical conditions (UTU) issued by the Government of Montenegro in 2025, and the land is leased for 30 years. We are now preparing the formal grid connection application to CGES and the environmental impact assessment, on the way to the building permit and construction.

**What is a UTU?**

Urban-technical conditions (urbanističko-tehnički uslovi) set the planning conditions for designing and building a project of general interest on a given site. The Government issues them on the proposal of the ministry responsible for spatial planning, with opinions from the competent authorities attached.

**Why western Nikšić?**

Solar resource of about 1,480–1,525 kWh/m² a year (PVGIS, Global Solar Atlas), existing 220 kV and 400 kV lines near the Vilusi grid node, and private land under 30-year leases.

**How will the projects connect to the grid?**

Both sites are near the Vilusi grid node, where 220 kV and 400 kV lines run and CGES's draft plan proposes new substations for 2028 and 2029. The formal connection application to CGES is the next step; CGES then proposes a connection contract within 90 days of its analysis.

**How can investors take part?**

Investors are welcome to join the portfolio or a single project. We discuss the structure under NDA.

**How do I get data-room access?**

Ask investors@perun.energy for the NDA, sign it and send it back. Once we have countersigned it, you receive personal access to the investor area and its data room.

**How solid is the yield estimate?**

The preliminary PVsyst simulation (November 2024) gives about 730 GWh a year for both projects in the 10th operating year. Independent PVGIS data for both sites back the model.

### Community

**Where exactly will the plants be?**

On private land in the cadastral municipalities of Jabuka, Počekovići and Podvrš in western Nikšić, about 18 km apart.

**Can the land still be used for grazing?**

The land is leased for 30 years from the building permit. The environmental assessment will study whether sheep grazing or other farming (agri-PV) can continue between and under the panels.

**What happens after 30 years?**

Decommissioning and land restoration will be part of the project design and the environmental assessment.

**Who can I talk to?**

Write to investors@perun.energy in English, Montenegrin or Croatian. We reply within two business days.

## Companies and contact

- HAT Solutions d.o.o. — Investor contact; Hrgovići 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; OIB 03459374481, MBS 081104657, Register Commercial Court in Zagreb, Tt-23/27405-1
- Perun Energy d.o.o. — Local development company; Nikšić, Montenegro; PIB 03689816
- MMKSOLAR d.o.o. — Project company — UTU holder and land lessee; Nikšić, Montenegro; PIB 03602249

Investor contact: Jozo Kosir is the Director of HAT Solutions d.o.o. in Zagreb. He leads the development of Jabuka MMK and Počekovići MMK and is the investor contact for both projects. He brings more than ten years of operations and general management, from hospitality to advisory and project delivery. LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jozo-kosir-591160103/. Email: investors@perun.energy. We reply within two business days.

## Media kit

Boilerplate: Perun Energy is developing two utility-scale solar PV projects in the western Nikšić highlands, Montenegro: Jabuka MMK and Počekovići MMK, 574.8 MWp DC / 510.3 MWac in total, with urban-technical conditions issued by the Government of Montenegro in 2025. Investors are welcome to join the portfolio or a single project; contact investors@perun.energy.

Photo credit: Perun Energy, August 2025. Images marked “Illustration · AI” were generated with AI from the drone photos and are not design renders.

- Mark (SVG, vector): https://perun.energy/brand/favicon.svg
- Wordmark, white (PNG, 900 × 81): https://perun.energy/brand/wordmark-white.png
- App icon (PNG, 512 × 512): https://perun.energy/brand/icon-512.png

## Sources

- Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Jabuka MMK — 15 May 2025, with 13 opinions of competent authorities (document, available under NDA)
- Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Počekovići MMK — 4 September 2025, with 13 opinions of competent authorities (document, available under NDA)
- PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Jabuka MMK — Preliminary, November 2024; P50 values for the 10th operating year (document, available under NDA)
- PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Počekovići MMK — Preliminary, November 2024; P50 values for the 10th operating year (document, available under NDA)
- Land lease agreements — Private land, 30-year term from the building permit (document, available under NDA)
- Drone survey of both sites — 27–30 August 2025 (document, available under NDA)
- PVGIS 5.3 (European Commission JRC) — PVGIS-SARAH3, 2005–2023, 36° tilt, south-facing, 14% system loss, queried 3 Nov 2026 — https://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvg_tools/en/
- Global Solar Atlas (World Bank / Solargis) — https://globalsolaratlas.info/
- Energy Balance of Montenegro for 2026 — Official Gazette — https://www.sluzbenilist.me/propisi/386965/download
- CGES — Draft updated Transmission Network Development Plan 2027–2036 — Published 28 April 2026 — https://cges.me/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Nacrt-Azuriranog-plana-razvoja-prenosne-mreze-2027-2036.pdf
- CGES — Trans-Balkan Corridor, 400 kV Lastva–Čevo–Pljevlja — https://cges.me/en/?p=10121
- Balkan Green Energy News — Montenegro adopts National Energy and Climate Plan — https://balkangreenenergynews.com/montenegro-adopts-national-energy-and-climate-plan/
- Balkan Green Energy News — NECP draft: sole coal plant planned for shutdown in 2041 — https://balkangreenenergynews.com/montenegro-publishes-necp-for-public-consultation-sole-coal-plant-planned-for-shutdown-in-2041/
- Balkan Green Energy News — Qair obtains building permit for solar project in Montenegro — https://balkangreenenergynews.com/qair-obtains-building-permit-for-solar-project-in-montenegro/
- Law on the Use of Energy from Renewable Sources (2024) — https://regagen.co.me/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/20250131_Zakon-o-koriscenju-energije-iz-obnovljivih-izvora.pdf
- Balkan Green Energy News — Montenegro set to close energy chapter of EU accession talks — https://balkangreenenergynews.com/sahmanovic-montenegro-set-to-close-energy-chapter-of-eu-accession-talks/
- Balkan Green Energy News — Montenegro launches day-ahead electricity market — https://balkangreenenergynews.com/montenegro-launches-day-ahead-electricity-market-at-mepx
- Balkan Green Energy News — Montenegro, Italy sign memorandum on electricity market coupling — https://balkangreenenergynews.com/montenegro-italy-sign-memorandum-on-electricity-market-coupling/
- Balkan Green Energy News — Italy–Montenegro submarine power cable commissioned — https://balkangreenenergynews.com/rs/pusten-u-rad-podmorski-elektroenergetski-kabl-izmedu-italije-i-crne-gore
- Balkan Green Energy News — Second line of the submarine cable with Italy by 2031 — https://balkangreenenergynews.com/rs/sahmanovic-druga-linija-podmorskog-kabla-sa-italijom-bice-instalirana-do-2031/
- The Nature Conservancy — Nikšić solar siting study — https://www.nature.org/content/dam/tnc/nature/en/documents/Niksic_Montenegro_full_siting_study_MNE.pdf
- Montenegro Business News — MMK Solar plans new 325 MW solar power plant in Nikšić (13 May 2025) — https://montenegrobusiness.eu/mmk-solar-company-plans-new-325-mw-solar-power-plant-in-niksic-municipality/
- Montenegro Business News — Nikšić to host new 250 MWp solar power plant (1 Aug 2025) — https://montenegrobusiness.eu/niksic-to-host-new-250-mwp-solar-power-plant-by-mmksolar/
- SeeNews — Montenegro's MMKSOLAR plans to build 250 MWp solar park — https://seenews.com/news/montenegros-mmksolar-plans-to-build-250-mwp-solar-park-1279497
- Court and business registers (Croatia: sudski registar; Montenegro: CRPS) (document, available under NDA)