{
  "name": "Perun Energy",
  "description": "Perun Energy is a portfolio of two utility-scale solar PV projects in the Municipality of Nikšić, Montenegro — Jabuka MMK and Počekovići MMK — with 574.8 MWp DC / 510.3 MWac and urban-technical conditions (UTU) issued by the Government of Montenegro in 2025.",
  "url": "https://perun.energy",
  "site_status": {
    "status": "under construction",
    "since": "2026-11-05",
    "note": "The perun.energy website is under construction (since 5 November 2026): its pages are offline for now. The public facts about the projects are in https://perun.energy/llms.txt, https://perun.energy/llms-full.txt and https://perun.energy/facts.json. For documents and questions, write to investors@perun.energy."
  },
  "as_of": "2026-11-04",
  "status_legend": {
    "confirmed": "From an issued document (UTU, lease, register)",
    "modelled": "Calculated by simulation (PVsyst, PVGIS); not a guarantee",
    "planned": "An intention or next step"
  },
  "companies": [
    {
      "id": "hat",
      "name": "HAT Solutions d.o.o.",
      "role": "Investor contact",
      "country": "Croatia",
      "address": "Hrgovići 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia",
      "ids": [
        {
          "label": "OIB",
          "value": "03459374481"
        },
        {
          "label": "MBS",
          "value": "081104657"
        },
        {
          "label": "Register",
          "value": "Commercial Court in Zagreb, Tt-23/27405-1"
        }
      ],
      "people": [
        {
          "name": "Jozo Kosir",
          "role": "Director"
        }
      ],
      "url": "https://hat.hr"
    },
    {
      "id": "perun",
      "name": "Perun Energy d.o.o.",
      "role": "Local development company",
      "country": "Montenegro",
      "address": "Nikšić, Montenegro",
      "ids": [
        {
          "label": "PIB",
          "value": "03689816"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "mmksolar",
      "name": "MMKSOLAR d.o.o.",
      "role": "Project company — UTU holder and land lessee",
      "country": "Montenegro",
      "address": "Nikšić, Montenegro",
      "ids": [
        {
          "label": "PIB",
          "value": "03602249"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "investor_contact": {
    "name": "Jozo Kosir",
    "job_title": "Director",
    "works_for": "HAT Solutions d.o.o.",
    "bio": "Jozo Kosir is the Director of HAT Solutions d.o.o. in Zagreb. He leads the development of Jabuka MMK and Počekovići MMK and is the investor contact for both projects. He brings more than ten years of operations and general management, from hospitality to advisory and project delivery.",
    "linkedin": "https://www.linkedin.com/in/jozo-kosir-591160103/",
    "email": "investors@perun.energy",
    "languages": [
      "English",
      "Croatian",
      "Montenegrin"
    ]
  },
  "portfolio": {
    "dc": {
      "value": 574.8,
      "unit": "MWp",
      "status": "confirmed",
      "approximate": false,
      "source": {
        "title": "Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Jabuka MMK",
        "detail": "15 May 2025, with 13 opinions of competent authorities"
      },
      "as_of": "2026-11-04"
    },
    "ac": {
      "value": 510.3,
      "unit": "MWac",
      "status": "confirmed",
      "approximate": false,
      "source": {
        "title": "Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Jabuka MMK",
        "detail": "15 May 2025, with 13 opinions of competent authorities"
      },
      "as_of": "2026-11-04"
    },
    "energy": {
      "value": 730,
      "unit": "GWh/yr",
      "status": "modelled",
      "approximate": true,
      "source": {
        "title": "PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Jabuka MMK",
        "detail": "Preliminary, November 2024; P50 values for the 10th operating year"
      },
      "as_of": "2026-11-04"
    },
    "share": {
      "value": 21,
      "unit": "%",
      "status": "modelled",
      "approximate": true,
      "source": {
        "title": "Energy Balance of Montenegro for 2026 — Official Gazette",
        "url": "https://www.sluzbenilist.me/propisi/386965/download"
      },
      "as_of": "2026-11-04"
    },
    "area": {
      "value": 530,
      "unit": "ha",
      "status": "confirmed",
      "approximate": true,
      "source": {
        "title": "Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Jabuka MMK",
        "detail": "15 May 2025, with 13 opinions of competent authorities"
      },
      "as_of": "2026-11-04"
    },
    "projects": {
      "value": 2,
      "unit": "",
      "status": "confirmed",
      "approximate": false,
      "source": {
        "title": "Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Jabuka MMK",
        "detail": "15 May 2025, with 13 opinions of competent authorities"
      },
      "as_of": "2026-11-04"
    }
  },
  "projects": [
    {
      "id": "jabuka",
      "name": "Jabuka MMK",
      "local_name": "Solarna elektrana Jabuka",
      "alternate_names": [
        "Jabuke MMK",
        "SE Jabuka MMK",
        "Jabuka solar power plant",
        "Jabuka solar project"
      ],
      "url": null,
      "fact_sheet": null,
      "location": {
        "description": "Jabuka cadastral municipality, Municipality of Nikšić",
        "municipality": "Nikšić",
        "country": "Montenegro",
        "country_code": "ME",
        "centroid": {
          "lat": 42.719021,
          "lon": 18.680984,
          "note": "Generalised centre point of the site area"
        }
      },
      "technology": "Ground-mounted solar photovoltaic, utility scale",
      "development_status": "UTU issued and land leased; grid connection application and environmental impact assessment next",
      "utu": {
        "issuer": "Government of Montenegro",
        "date": "2025-05-15",
        "authority_opinions": 13
      },
      "project_company": "MMKSOLAR d.o.o., Nikšić (UTU holder and land lessee)",
      "facts": {
        "dc": {
          "value": 325.4,
          "unit": "MWp",
          "status": "confirmed",
          "approximate": false,
          "source": {
            "title": "Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Jabuka MMK",
            "detail": "15 May 2025, with 13 opinions of competent authorities"
          },
          "as_of": "2026-11-04"
        },
        "ac": {
          "value": 293.3,
          "unit": "MWac",
          "status": "confirmed",
          "approximate": false,
          "source": {
            "title": "Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Jabuka MMK",
            "detail": "15 May 2025, with 13 opinions of competent authorities"
          },
          "as_of": "2026-11-04"
        },
        "energy": {
          "value": 413.8,
          "unit": "GWh/yr",
          "status": "modelled",
          "approximate": true,
          "source": {
            "title": "PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Jabuka MMK",
            "detail": "Preliminary, November 2024; P50 values for the 10th operating year"
          },
          "as_of": "2026-11-04"
        },
        "yield": {
          "value": 1272,
          "unit": "kWh/kWp",
          "status": "modelled",
          "approximate": false,
          "source": {
            "title": "PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Jabuka MMK",
            "detail": "Preliminary, November 2024; P50 values for the 10th operating year"
          },
          "as_of": "2026-11-04"
        },
        "area": {
          "value": 310,
          "unit": "ha",
          "status": "confirmed",
          "approximate": true,
          "source": {
            "title": "Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Jabuka MMK",
            "detail": "15 May 2025, with 13 opinions of competent authorities"
          },
          "as_of": "2026-11-04"
        },
        "elevation": {
          "value": 926,
          "unit": "m",
          "status": "modelled",
          "approximate": true,
          "source": {
            "title": "PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Jabuka MMK",
            "detail": "Preliminary, November 2024; P50 values for the 10th operating year"
          },
          "as_of": "2026-11-04"
        },
        "gridDistance": {
          "value": 7,
          "unit": "km",
          "status": "planned",
          "approximate": true,
          "source": {
            "title": "CGES — Draft updated Transmission Network Development Plan 2027–2036",
            "detail": "Published 28 April 2026",
            "url": "https://cges.me/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Nacrt-Azuriranog-plana-razvoja-prenosne-mreze-2027-2036.pdf"
          },
          "as_of": "2026-11-04"
        }
      },
      "independent_yield_check": {
        "source": "PVGIS 5.3, PVGIS-SARAH3 2005–2023, 36° south, 14% loss",
        "specific_yield_kwh_per_kwp": 1354.36,
        "in_plane_irradiation_kwh_per_m2": 1719.32
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "pocekovici",
      "name": "Počekovići MMK",
      "local_name": "Solarna elektrana Počekovići",
      "alternate_names": [
        "Pocekovici MMK",
        "SE Počekovići MMK",
        "Počekovići solar power plant",
        "Pocekovici solar project"
      ],
      "url": null,
      "fact_sheet": null,
      "location": {
        "description": "Počekovići and Podvrš cadastral municipalities, Municipality of Nikšić",
        "municipality": "Nikšić",
        "country": "Montenegro",
        "country_code": "ME",
        "centroid": {
          "lat": 42.808153,
          "lon": 18.504522,
          "note": "Generalised centre point of the site area"
        }
      },
      "technology": "Ground-mounted solar photovoltaic, utility scale",
      "development_status": "UTU issued and land leased; grid connection application and environmental impact assessment next",
      "utu": {
        "issuer": "Government of Montenegro",
        "date": "2025-09-04",
        "authority_opinions": 13
      },
      "project_company": "MMKSOLAR d.o.o., Nikšić (UTU holder and land lessee)",
      "facts": {
        "dc": {
          "value": 249.5,
          "unit": "MWp",
          "status": "confirmed",
          "approximate": false,
          "source": {
            "title": "Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Počekovići MMK",
            "detail": "4 September 2025, with 13 opinions of competent authorities"
          },
          "as_of": "2026-11-04"
        },
        "ac": {
          "value": 217,
          "unit": "MWac",
          "status": "confirmed",
          "approximate": false,
          "source": {
            "title": "Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Počekovići MMK",
            "detail": "4 September 2025, with 13 opinions of competent authorities"
          },
          "as_of": "2026-11-04"
        },
        "energy": {
          "value": 316.3,
          "unit": "GWh/yr",
          "status": "modelled",
          "approximate": true,
          "source": {
            "title": "PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Počekovići MMK",
            "detail": "Preliminary, November 2024; P50 values for the 10th operating year"
          },
          "as_of": "2026-11-04"
        },
        "yield": {
          "value": 1268,
          "unit": "kWh/kWp",
          "status": "modelled",
          "approximate": false,
          "source": {
            "title": "PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Počekovići MMK",
            "detail": "Preliminary, November 2024; P50 values for the 10th operating year"
          },
          "as_of": "2026-11-04"
        },
        "area": {
          "value": 220,
          "unit": "ha",
          "status": "confirmed",
          "approximate": true,
          "source": {
            "title": "Government of Montenegro — Conclusion on urban-technical conditions (UTU), Počekovići MMK",
            "detail": "4 September 2025, with 13 opinions of competent authorities"
          },
          "as_of": "2026-11-04"
        },
        "elevation": {
          "value": 708,
          "unit": "m",
          "status": "modelled",
          "approximate": true,
          "source": {
            "title": "PVsyst preliminary simulation — SE Počekovići MMK",
            "detail": "Preliminary, November 2024; P50 values for the 10th operating year"
          },
          "as_of": "2026-11-04"
        },
        "gridDistance": {
          "value": 12,
          "unit": "km",
          "status": "planned",
          "approximate": true,
          "source": {
            "title": "CGES — Draft updated Transmission Network Development Plan 2027–2036",
            "detail": "Published 28 April 2026",
            "url": "https://cges.me/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Nacrt-Azuriranog-plana-razvoja-prenosne-mreze-2027-2036.pdf"
          },
          "as_of": "2026-11-04"
        }
      },
      "independent_yield_check": {
        "source": "PVGIS 5.3, PVGIS-SARAH3 2005–2023, 36° south, 14% loss",
        "specific_yield_kwh_per_kwp": 1372.43,
        "in_plane_irradiation_kwh_per_m2": 1739.81
      }
    }
  ],
  "milestones": [
    {
      "id": "land",
      "title": "Land leased",
      "detail": "Long-term private leases, 30 years from the building permit",
      "date": "2024",
      "state": "done"
    },
    {
      "id": "design",
      "title": "Preliminary design",
      "detail": "Layout concept and PVsyst yield simulation",
      "date": "Nov 2024",
      "state": "done"
    },
    {
      "id": "utu",
      "title": "UTU issued",
      "detail": "Government of Montenegro, with 13 authority opinions per project",
      "date": "May & Sep 2025",
      "state": "done"
    },
    {
      "id": "survey",
      "title": "Drone survey",
      "detail": "Aerial video and panoramas of both sites",
      "date": "Aug 2025",
      "state": "done"
    },
    {
      "id": "grid-esia",
      "title": "Grid connection & environmental assessment",
      "detail": "Formal application to CGES, the transmission system operator, and a full EIA for both sites, with a biodiversity baseline at Počekovići",
      "date": "Next",
      "state": "next"
    },
    {
      "id": "permit",
      "title": "Design & building permit",
      "detail": "Forest-land conversion, main design, technical review, permit",
      "date": "Planned",
      "state": "planned"
    },
    {
      "id": "rtb",
      "title": "Ready to build",
      "detail": "Permitted, grid-contracted project",
      "date": "Planned",
      "state": "planned"
    }
  ],
  "news": [
    {
      "id": "land-leases",
      "date": "2024",
      "date_label": "2024",
      "title": "Land leased for 30 years",
      "text": "Private land at both sites under long-term leases, running 30 years from the building permit.",
      "tag": "Land",
      "project": null,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "id": "pvsyst",
      "date": "2024-11",
      "date_label": "November 2024",
      "title": "Preliminary PVsyst simulation",
      "text": "The preliminary PVsyst simulation (November 2024) models about 730 GWh a year for both projects.",
      "tag": "Energy",
      "project": null,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "id": "utu-jabuka",
      "date": "2025-05-15",
      "date_label": "15 May 2025",
      "title": "UTU issued for Jabuka MMK",
      "text": "The Government of Montenegro issues the urban-technical conditions for 325.4 MWp DC / 293.3 MWac.",
      "tag": "Planning",
      "project": "jabuka",
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "id": "drone-survey",
      "date": "2025-08",
      "date_label": "August 2025",
      "title": "Drone survey of both sites",
      "text": "Aerial video, panoramas and stills of Jabuka and Počekovići, 27–30 August 2025.",
      "tag": "Site",
      "project": null,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "id": "utu-pocekovici",
      "date": "2025-09-04",
      "date_label": "4 September 2025",
      "title": "UTU issued for Počekovići MMK",
      "text": "The Government of Montenegro issues the urban-technical conditions for 249.5 MWp DC / 217.0 MWac.",
      "tag": "Planning",
      "project": "pocekovici",
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "id": "website",
      "date": "2026-11-03",
      "date_label": "3 November 2026",
      "title": "perun.energy goes live",
      "text": "One public home for both projects, with facts, maps and machine-readable data.",
      "tag": "Company",
      "project": null,
      "url": null
    },
    {
      "id": "data-room",
      "date": "2026-11-04",
      "date_label": "4 November 2026",
      "title": "Investor data room opens",
      "text": "Investors under NDA download the planning conclusions, energy models, site files and drone imagery.",
      "tag": "Investors",
      "project": null,
      "url": null
    }
  ],
  "coverage": [
    {
      "outlet": "Montenegro Business News",
      "headline": "MMK Solar plans new 325 MW solar power plant in Nikšić",
      "date": "2025-05-13",
      "url": "https://montenegrobusiness.eu/mmk-solar-company-plans-new-325-mw-solar-power-plant-in-niksic-municipality/",
      "project": "jabuka"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Montenegro Business News",
      "headline": "Nikšić to host new 250 MWp solar power plant",
      "date": "2025-08-01",
      "url": "https://montenegrobusiness.eu/niksic-to-host-new-250-mwp-solar-power-plant-by-mmksolar/",
      "project": "pocekovici"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "SeeNews",
      "headline": "Montenegro's MMKSOLAR plans to build 250 MWp solar park",
      "date": null,
      "url": "https://seenews.com/news/montenegros-mmksolar-plans-to-build-250-mwp-solar-park-1279497",
      "project": "pocekovici"
    }
  ],
  "downloads": [],
  "documents_on_request": "The investor teaser, the fact sheets of both projects and the NDA (PDF or Word) are sent on request: investors@perun.energy.",
  "investor_process": {
    "steps": [
      {
        "step": 1,
        "title": "Introduction",
        "detail": "This website, the teaser and a call"
      },
      {
        "step": 2,
        "title": "NDA",
        "detail": "Signed with HAT Solutions d.o.o."
      },
      {
        "step": 3,
        "title": "Data room",
        "detail": "Documents and written Q&A"
      },
      {
        "step": 4,
        "title": "Management call",
        "detail": "Permitting, grid, land, technical"
      },
      {
        "step": 5,
        "title": "Site visit",
        "detail": "Both sites, Nikšić"
      },
      {
        "step": 6,
        "title": "Term sheet",
        "detail": "Portfolio or single project"
      },
      {
        "step": 7,
        "title": "Due diligence",
        "detail": "Legal, technical and commercial review"
      },
      {
        "step": 8,
        "title": "Agreement",
        "detail": "Signing and closing"
      }
    ],
    "nda": {
      "page": null,
      "counterparty": "HAT Solutions d.o.o., Zagreb",
      "steps": [
        {
          "step": 1,
          "title": "Request the NDA",
          "detail": "From investors@perun.energy, as PDF or Word."
        },
        {
          "step": 2,
          "title": "Sign and send",
          "detail": "To investors@perun.energy."
        },
        {
          "step": 3,
          "title": "We countersign",
          "detail": "And send you a copy."
        },
        {
          "step": 4,
          "title": "You receive access",
          "detail": "Personal access to the investor area."
        }
      ],
      "documents": []
    },
    "data_room_folders": [
      "00 Overview",
      "01 Corporate",
      "02 Land",
      "03 Planning",
      "04 Technical",
      "05 Grid",
      "06 Environment",
      "07 Media",
      "08 Timeline",
      "09 Commercial"
    ]
  },
  "grid_context": {
    "summary": "The projects lie in western Nikšić near the Vilusi grid node, where existing 220 kV and 400 kV lines run. CGES's draft Transmission Development Plan 2027–2036 proposes new 220/110 kV (Vilusi, 2028) and 400/110 kV (Trubjela, 2029) substations in the area. The 400 kV Lastva–Čevo–Pljevlja line, part of the Trans-Balkan Corridor, entered trial operation in July 2026.",
    "next_step": "The formal connection application to CGES, the transmission system operator, is the next step. After its analysis, CGES proposes a connection contract within 90 days.",
    "nodes": [
      {
        "id": "vilusi",
        "name": "Vilusi",
        "detail": "Planned 220/110 kV substation (draft TDP, 2028)",
        "lat": 42.7278,
        "lon": 18.5951
      },
      {
        "id": "trubjela",
        "name": "Trubjela",
        "detail": "Planned 400/110 kV substation (draft TDP, 2029)",
        "lat": 42.7504,
        "lon": 18.7945
      }
    ]
  },
  "market_context": [
    {
      "id": "demand",
      "value": "~3,400",
      "unit": "GWh",
      "label": "Planned gross electricity consumption in 2026",
      "source": {
        "title": "Energy Balance of Montenegro for 2026 — Official Gazette",
        "url": "https://www.sluzbenilist.me/propisi/386965/download",
        "kind": "public"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "res",
      "value": "≥50%",
      "unit": "",
      "label": "Renewables target by 2030 (NECP, Dec 2025)",
      "source": {
        "title": "Balkan Green Energy News — Montenegro adopts National Energy and Climate Plan",
        "url": "https://balkangreenenergynews.com/montenegro-adopts-national-energy-and-climate-plan/",
        "kind": "public"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "hvdc",
      "value": "600",
      "unit": "MW",
      "label": "HVDC submarine cable to Italy, in operation since 2019",
      "source": {
        "title": "Balkan Green Energy News — Italy–Montenegro submarine power cable commissioned",
        "url": "https://balkangreenenergynews.com/rs/pusten-u-rad-podmorski-elektroenergetski-kabl-izmedu-italije-i-crne-gore",
        "kind": "public"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "hvdc2",
      "value": "1.2",
      "unit": "GW",
      "label": "Planned total Italy link capacity after a second cable (target 2031)",
      "source": {
        "title": "Balkan Green Energy News — Montenegro, Italy sign memorandum on electricity market coupling",
        "url": "https://balkangreenenergynews.com/montenegro-italy-sign-memorandum-on-electricity-market-coupling/",
        "kind": "public"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "coal",
      "value": "225",
      "unit": "MW",
      "label": "Pljevlja, the sole coal plant — NECP draft plans shutdown in 2041",
      "source": {
        "title": "Balkan Green Energy News — NECP draft: sole coal plant planned for shutdown in 2041",
        "url": "https://balkangreenenergynews.com/montenegro-publishes-necp-for-public-consultation-sole-coal-plant-planned-for-shutdown-in-2041/",
        "kind": "public"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "solar",
      "value": "~100",
      "unit": "MW",
      "label": "Installed solar today, mostly rooftop; no utility-scale plant yet",
      "source": {
        "title": "Balkan Green Energy News — Qair obtains building permit for solar project in Montenegro",
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    "note": "Images marked “Illustration · AI” were generated with AI from the drone photos; they are not design renders."
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  "contact": {
    "email": "investors@perun.energy",
    "response_time": "two business days"
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}